At first glance, diamonds may look alike, but the truth is they can be very different. Although they may be of equal size, each diamond has unique characteristics that may lead to very different values.
The difference between diamonds can be subtle. Gemologists use four measurements of a diamond -- the four C's -- to determine the value of a diamond. The four C's are Cut, Color, Clarity and Carat.
Many people confuse cut with the shape of a diamond. The shape you select is a matter of individual taste, and today your choice is only limited by the skill and imagination of the craftsman. It is their efforts during every stage of the fashioning process that reflect the maximum amount of light back to the eye. Most round, brilliant-cut or fancy-shaped diamonds possess 58 carefully angled flat surfaces, called facets. It is the precision of each facet's placement that will affect the amount of fire, brilliance and ultimate beauty of your diamond.
The most prized diamonds are colorless diamonds, because their beauty depends entirely upon their remarkable optical properties. In such diamonds, all the colors of the rainbow are reflected back to your eye. While the majority of gem diamonds appear to be colorless, others can contain increasing shades of yellow to brown, some of which are referred to as champagne diamonds. Other diamonds of exceptional color, red, blue, green, pink, and amber, are known as "Fancies".
The color grading scale varies from totally colorless to light color or tinted. The difference between one grade and its neighbor is very subtle. Experts never try to remember color; they use master diamonds of known color for comparison.
Because of their unique optical properties, diamonds, more than any other gemstones, are capable of producing the maximum amount of brilliance. While minute crystals of diamond or other minerals are contained in almost all diamonds, a diamond that is virtually free of inclusions and surface markings will be judged as flawless. In these diamonds, nothing interferes with the passage of light nor spoils the beauty. But these diamonds are extremely rare and will command a high price.
To determine a diamond's clarity grading, it must be examined under a 10x magnification by a trained, skilled eye. What minute inclusions there may be make every diamond unique. These are, in fact, nature's fingerprints and do not mar the diamond's beauty or endanger its durability. Without high magnification, you may never see these inclusions. However, the fewer there are, the rarer your diamond will be.
As with all precious stones, the weight and therefore the size of a diamond is expressed in carats. One carat is divided into 100"points" so that a diamond of 25 points is described as a quarter of a carat or 0.25 carats. Size is the most obvious factor in determining the value of a diamond, but now you know that two diamonds of equal size can have very unequal prices depending on their quality. However, remember that diamonds of high quality can be found in all size ranges.
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